Funerals are formal occasions in every culture, but in Sikhism, they take on a deeply spiritual meaning. The Sikh faith views death not as an end but as a transition to the next phase of existence, in accordance with the divine will (Hukam). Funeral rites are not only rituals but a time to reflect on the impermanence of life, devotion to Waheguru (God), and solace in the Guru’s teachings.
One of the most significant aspects of Sikh funerals is the performance of Ardas (prayer) and Kirtan (devotional singing). These spiritual practices provide profound comfort to the grieving family, reaffirming their faith in the Guru’s wisdom. This blog explores the Sikh funeral traditions, highlighting the indispensable role of Ardas and Kirtan in bidding farewell to a loved one.
The Sikh Perspective on Death
Sikhism embraces death not as an end but as a divine transition, an inevitable return to the eternal source. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, taught that the soul is eternal and merges with the Supreme Being upon death, much like a drop of water returning to the ocean. This philosophy, shaped by the concept of ‘Hukam’ or divine will, shapes Sikh funeral customs, which emphasize acceptance rather than grief.
Sikh Funeral Rites: A Step-by-Step Overview
Sikh funeral ceremonies, known as Antam Sanskar, focus on remembrance and prayer rather than elaborate rituals. Here is a step-by-step guide to a typical Sikh funeral:
1. Preparation and Washing of the Body
Once a Sikh passes away, their body is bathed and clothed in clean, simple garments. If the deceased was baptized (Amritdhari), they are dressed in the five articles of faith (Kara, Kanga, Kirpan, Kachera, and Kes), which are sacred to Sikhs.
2. Recitation of Gurbani
Before the funeral, family members and the Sikh congregation (Sangat) gather to recite hymns called Gurbani from the Guru Granth Sahib. Verses from Sukhmani Sahib (Psalm of Peace) and Japji Sahib are often recited to bring peace to the departing soul.
3. Performing Ardas (The Group Prayer)
One of the most crucial components of a Sikh funeral is Ardas, a heartfelt prayer that serves multiple purposes:
- Seek forgiveness for the deceased’s shortcomings.
- Pray for the soul’s peaceful journey and union with Waheguru.
- Provide strength and comfort to the grieving family.
The Ardas is performed standing with hands folded as the sangat seeks blessings and reflects on the Guru’s teachings.
4. Cremation (Sanskar)
Unlike some religions where burial is the norm, cremation is the preferred method in Sikhism. The body is placed on a funeral pyre, and after a short prayer, the eldest son or a close family member, regardless of gender, lights the fire. However, modern practices also allow for cremation services.
5. Kirtan: The Soulful Devotional Singing
During this time, Kirtan, a devotional singing practice in Sikhism, is sung to provide spiritual consolation. It involves the singing of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib, particularly those that remind the Sangat of life’s impermanence and the importance of remembering Waheguru, a term used by Sikhs to refer to god. Some of the most commonly recited Shabads (hymns) during funerals include:
- “So satgur pyara mere naal hai” (The True Guru is always with me) – Guru Granth Sahib, Ang 587.
- “Ik pita ikas ke hum barik” (There is one Father, and we are all His children) – Ang 612.
- “Tera Kiya Meetha Laage” (Whatever you do is sweet to me, O Lord) – Ang 394.
These hymns emphasize the idea that Waheguru’s will is supreme and that grief should be transformed into devotion.
6. Final Prayer and Ash Immersion
After the cremation, a final Ardas is conducted to offer gratitude and surrender the deceased’s soul to Waheguru. Later, the ashes are immersed in a river or body of water, often at a sacred place such as Kiratpur Sahib, where many Sikhs choose to disperse the ashes.
See Also: Hindu Funerals: What & How?
The Role of Ardas in Sikh Funerals
Ardas is not just a prayer but a powerful communal act that strengthens the faith of those present. It:
- It brings together the community in collective remembrance.
- It Reinforces the belief in Waheguru’s Hukam.
- It encourages spiritual healing by focusing on divine wisdom rather than worldly sorrow.
In history, Ardas has played a crucial role in many Sikh gatherings, from battles fought by Sikh warriors to moments of intense personal grief. It serves as a unifying force, reminding Sikhs that Waheguru’s command is supreme.
The Healing Power of Kirtan in Funerals
Kirtan, the soulful devotional singing, has a profound therapeutic effect on the grieving heart. Scientific studies suggest that music, especially spiritual music, has the power to calm the mind and reduce stress. In the Sikh tradition, Kirtan is considered a direct means of connecting with Waheguru. It is an essential part of funeral ceremonies that provide comfort and solace to the grieving family.
| A case in point: The famous funeral of Baba Deep Singh (The Sikh warrior-saint who fought valiantly despite a fatal wound) When his funeral was conducted, the entire Sangat engaged in deep Kirtan, celebrating his bravery rather than mourning his departure. This instance serves as a powerful example of how Kirtan can transform grief into a celebration of life and faith. |
See Also: Christian Funeral Traditions
Conclusion: Embracing Hukam with Faith
Sikh funerals are not just about bidding farewell to the deceased but about reaffirming faith in Waheguru’s divine plan. Through Ardas and Kirtan, the grieving are reminded that life and death are merely transitions in the soul’s eternal journey. The emphasis on prayer, hymns, and remembrance transforms grief into acceptance, helping the grieving family find peace in Guru’s wisdom.
In the end, the Sikh way of handling death serves as an inspiring lesson for all—accepting life’s impermanence, celebrating the divine will, and seeking solace in the eternal teachings of the Guru Granth Sahib.